Philosophical Belief Essay

What is the idea of mankind as it relates the field of brain research (philosophy)? Since days of yore, people have scrutinized their own reality and their relationship what exactly is around them. The field of cosmology is mind boggling, having incorporated science and innovation into its circle with the coming of computerized reasoning, clinical science, and propelled investigation advances. However before all else, Plato and Aristotle were viewed as the main genuine cosmologists (Biography. ms, n. d. ). They were the first to point out the conditions and classifications of being: physical articles, minds, classes, properties and relations. It is human instinct to scrutinize our feeling of being, for example, what we are, the reason are here, what our identity is and why others and things are around us. The idea of the psyche is to test into its reality, saw by the faculties, and comprehend everything. Cosmology is the basic reason for mysticism, which incorporates the entirety of science and religion. From the main inquiries identifying with the presence of a preeminent being or nature spirits or even the idea of having a soul, cosmology was conceived. At the point when we initially start to relate ourselves as creatures, we are rehearsing cosmology. Normally, some portion of formative brain science falls into this classification. Human instinct directs that we recognize ourselves as a person, as a piece of a nuclear family, as an understudy of a school, an individual from a network. Cosmology is the most key idea of mental being, since our soonest ideas are â€Å"being-based. † Once mankind turns out to be increasingly mind boggling and interwoven, we start to rehearse cosmology with respect to societies, nations and mainlands, just as religions. Along these lines, every thing that can be named is viewed as an ontological thing, since it exists. We likewise have part metaphysics into assorted cosmologies; this is the place we can turn out to be extremely partitioned; Christianity instead of Islam, for instance. Every religion exists, and is made out of ceremonies and frameworks that have ontological definitions. However the connection to one’s own character or one religion’s personality can get perilous when taken to an outrageous. It is our temperament to order and hold what suits us and reject what is disagreeable. However behind these choices, particularly when talking about thoughts (or fantasies or legends) as though they really exist in experimental the truth is a takeoff from rationale. From the times of the people of old to the present, cosmology is to a great extent currently utilized in the science, as experimental investigation of existing things and the connections between them (Gregg H. Rosenberg, 1997). We consistently investigate the interrelationships of our reality, leaving science as the fundamental, if not just, present day type of formal philosophy rehearsed today. What once started as a way of thinking has changed into unadulterated science. As we keep on growing progressively complex innovations in the types of man-made reasoning, philosophy will no uncertainty take on an alternate importance and be applied to unexpected conditions in comparison to ever previously. This is just on a superficial level, notwithstanding. Cosmology, despite the fact that not named as of not long ago in mankind's history, has been with us since we started, as animals, to look past our basic endurance as an animal varieties and consider our relationship what exactly is near and even past us. How would we realize what we know comparable to the field of brain research (epistemology)? The numerous parts of brain science that exist today characterize the picking up of information inside the investigations of formative, subjective, instructive, social, and so forth ; these fall under the philosophical space of epistemology (equal with Theory of Knowledge). We question how we come to know certain things and study methods of picking up, holding and utilizing information. The idea of epistemology is straightforward. How would we know what we know? Yet, the utilization of this technique is very mind boggling (Keith De Rose, 2003). A significant part of the information we gain at whatever day is by means of others, for example, companions, family and collaborators. We likewise gain information in school, from TV and books and on the Internet. In any case, how regularly do we question the source? Presently we can perceive how complex epistemology becomes. Let’s state that Alice discloses to Jim that Steve is a cheat. Jim has never realized Alice to lie. Truth be told, Alice’s notoriety is authentic as far as validity. With no further request, Jim trusts Alice and has nothing further to do with Steve. How consistent is that? Is it genuine information? No, it isn’t. Jim essentially comprehends what Alice has let him know and it could conceivably have anything to do with the real world. This is the place the rounds of the psyche become an integral factor. First we are told something and it becomes information. From that information we structure a worldview. Later we find that what we know, or accept, is bogus. We should change our worldview and everything joined to it. This is the stuff of war. On the off chance that we take a gander at information, we can just really comprehend what we ourselves experience. We just learn through experimentation and our own request. We are restricted in the amount we can know because of our constrained faculties. Epistemology is worried about â€Å"propositional knowledge,†, for example, what is valid. It isn't so worried about how to get things done (Peter D. Klein, 1998 †2006). This is the place history, religion, governmental issues, hypothesis and other non-experimental learning comes into question. With regards to the elusive subjects in our lives, how would we know? Custom holds that what we come to know in an exact way (the sun rises each day, the stomach snarls when one is ravenous, if a pony smoothes its ears, it is irate) is genuine information. These are repeatable occasions that we no longer notification since we realize that they will happen with consistency. Plato’s contention was what we have come to know as Transcendental Realism. This implies we come to know something through knowing its structure and the progressions it experiences. Aristotle set forth that a structure doesn't rise above the material thing. Information is the concordance among thought and truth. Going further into this type of theory and tending to how we know what we know in the field of brain research, we would need to state that we watch certain standards of conduct as they identify with winning examples in the public arena, yet the genuine inquiry is, how genuine is brain science? We can't experimentally observe an idea or the associations between musings; we can just watch practices and tune in to the considerations of others in deciding their mental status. Brain research is something that isn't static, in this manner it doesn't stick to the meaning of truth in the strictest sense. What is the job of ethics and good confidence in the act of brain research (axiology, moral brain science)? With the goal for brain research to be at all powerful, the specialist must recognize what is of incentive to the customer; the spectator must observe what is of incentive to those being watched. What we esteem is the thing that spurs us, and keeping in mind that we as a whole worth various things in various extents, we do will in general hold basic qualities as an animal varieties. One basic worth is endurance. Endurance is an interspecies esteem and can be used to contemplate a wide scope of practices at an essential level. As grown-ups we should realize the contrast among good and bad, and we have likely taken in the estimations of our way of life or gathering (Robert N. Barger, Ph. D. , 2000). As indicated by Kohlberg’s phases of good turn of events, it is comprehended that individuals progress through a progression of phases of good turn of events. Starting with Level 1, a great many people (as indicated by Kohlberg) go through a progression of six recognizable stages inside three levels (Barger). Kohlberg accepted that most grown-ups never advanced past the second degree of customary profound quality; the third level, â€Å"post-conventional† ethical quality, was out of reach by most grown-ups and Kohlberg never met any individual who met the models of appreciating social commonality and regard for an all inclusive rule and the requests of an individual inner voice. In the act of brain research, one’s good convictions are the magic that binds a person through life. While the convictions may change (and through mental mediation they frequently do), the fundamental estimations of an individual are generally perpetual once set in youth and through social communication. Rehearsing brain research is a consistent procedure of setting needs, which includes axiology. In a general public that is perpetually various and testing, it is basic in the field of brain science to take part in axiological speculation so as to all the more likely help customers with their own axiological procedures. The very procedure of fundamental dynamic includes making needs, and when needs strife over a significant stretch of time, stresses happen that changes an individual’s conduct extraordinarily. Since axiology is the investigation of how individuals decide the estimation of various things, it is critical that an analyst can decide the estimations of a customer with the goal for treatment to be viable. Assignments of significant worth can either speak to or twist reality (Clear Direction Inc. 2001). Since valuations are exceptional to every person, they make singular reasoning propensities, which uncover what the genuine worth is, regardless of whether it is just a propensity and not a genuine worth. On the off chance that the reasoning propensity contorts reality enough to render somebody broken, the technique for believing should be assessed and changed to a more beneficial example. At that point new things take higher incentive than the old ones, and in principle the damaging reasoning example is upset. Rehearsing brain research with a comprehension of axiology and how it influences people, families, and societies is basic, since western culture is feeling the squeeze to change its needs, causing huge weights on its individuals; for instance, if a parent puts a higher incentive on strict convictions than their child’s training, the youngster possibly experiences withdrawal

We watched a videotape called Whale song Essay Example

We watched a tape called Whale melody Essay We watched a tape called Whale tune. It was about ocean vertebrates conduct, chasing and general data. While I watched I saw the dolphins making designs with their movements.The chasing and slaughtering of the whales and dolphins was very realistic and blended a considerable lot of our considerations since it is such a dubious and horrendous thing. It caused me to feel profoundly sad.It was a decent improvement since it gave me a lot of thoughts, all from various angles.Some of the class took a gander at a book called Whale Nation as another upgrade. I didnt on the grounds that I had seen enough to have the option to think about it.We then examined in an off-content exercise the material and our underlying musings and ideas.From viewing the warm blooded animals swim through the sea a great deal of the class got development as a feature of the last piece. We additionally spent the remainder of exercise on a kabuki meeting for data. We showed the individuals who didnt realize how to do kabuki how to do it.Id done it before in a dramatization workshop. We as a whole were 100% quiet and quiet. I discovered it truly unwinding and delighted in it a lot.I felt I was very acceptable at it too in light of the fact that I utilized assortment of levels and positions.I lay on my back and loosened up my feet. Our instructor said it appeared as though the whales tail and it did.I wish we could do kabuki each exercise to make us centered for work.RESPONSE PHASE 1:We had concluded it was a smart thought to come in for an entire day to accomplish the work on the Whale song.We started the exercise tuning in to various music so as to survey them and sort out the best pieces to utilize. I discovered a large portion of us needed to go for tragic, distressed tunes. I felt a large portion of the class had the whaling and passing in mind.We picked:We then partitioned into 4 gatherings of 3 to build up our underlying reactions to the research.GROUP 1 = DAVID, LAURA D AND LAURENGROUP 2 = EMMA, DANIELLE AND LAURA B (ME)My commitment was the kabuki and kaleidoscope impacts which I got from watching the whales sluggish developments and the examples that the dolphins made, just as moving. I likewise saw the distressed hints of the whales.My bunch limited our thoughts down to: - GROUP 3 = JAMIE, HAYLEY AND DANIGROUP 4 = KATY, HAYLEY AND LISARESPONSE PHASE 2:I found an example of thoughts (whale items) ; (parting of whale). We chose bunch 4s thoughts werent reasonable, as they would include us going on the ocean and on the animals underneath it. (We wouldnt have the option to accomplish those levels in the studio.)The bunches joined and made 2 enormous gatherings of 6. My gathering united the kaleidoscope thought to show surface developments and the possibility of the whale being part. We likewise needed to do a sad move of other creatures.The other gathering needed to base theirs around development and various procedures of demonstrating movement.I was anticipating arr anging and expanding the thoughts. It would have been intriguing as we were going to wind up with 2 last pieces for evaluation.We were likewise going to have a chance to coordinate our different colleagues as they got together with our piece. For their piece they would coordinate us.DEVELOPMENT STAGE PHASE 1:For 30 minutes my gathering fabricated an essential structure of occasions and an arrangement, which we would later impart to the remainder of the class. I coordinated piece of this.We began by Emma and me going about as executives. We disclosed to the class the thought being the kaleidoscope. Emma and I needed to keep this in on the grounds that it fit the video of the dolphins moving through the water, similar to a reflected picture. We needed to accomplish this effect.One individual in the inside drove the developments, the middle 3 duplicated (reflecting) and the 2 behind the middle individuals replicated them.We made a perfect representation from focus outwards. I drove the reflecting. It was very befuddling yet in the long run everybody got its hang and it worked well.We then went onto direct the class into 4 of us speaking to 2 whales.The tail individual lay on their backs and lifted their advantages and down. The head individual sat up and pummeled their arms here and there as fins.I might suspect this worked very well. From a crowds perspective, it would have resembled a whales developments. I was a head and felt my job was very viable; I attempted to place everything into my arms and keep the remainder of my body still.4 individuals were whales and 4 were anglers. The 4 anglers made sense of a harpooning arrangement. It was very interesting.* David was the harpoonist* He swung back Katy and Lauren* They hit Lisa on the back* She bounced forward (as a spear) to execute the whale closest the ship.* We at that point chose the whale would roll in towards the vessel to show it beingpulled on board. The 2 whales were representative of 1 whale however s peaking to methods of kicking the bucket, so we see 2 sides of what could happen to the speared whale.* The other whale gets troubled (me and Dani indicated this by making our developments very violent).* 4 dolphins, emblematically, get the whale (me and Dani were picked up.)* Cushion whales death* Spun gradually around, set down to rest in peace.* Dolphins grieved demise by doing a moderate, effortless dance.This was my thought and I was extremely pleased with it. It was extremely powerful and really made a quiet, tranquil atmosphere.Lisa coordinated the other two gatherings piece. She set four individuals in the center (as whales) that at that point played out a moderate arranged kabuki. 1 individual spoke to balances, 1 as the tail, 1 as the body and 1 as the blowhole. At that point there was a gathering of 4 around them. I was one of that 4, a dolphin.We did quick developments in a counter musicality to the whale. Me, Emma, Dani and Danielle made up the developments so they woul d appear as though dolphins leaping out of the outside of the water. We got our motivation from the Whale melody video.The other 4 remained at the sides of the gathering as the ocean encompassing the animals. They did wavy developments to look like undulating waves.I got befuddled due to the counter-cadence and thought that it was hard despite the fact that it was just a basic movement.Lisa then clarified the idea of the angling grouping. 6 of us pretended the anglers on a pontoon. I was the post for the whales. We put me on a square to make me higher than the others (like in a crows home). We chose to sing ocean shanties, the particular one we pick was Hoorah and up she rises. We sang the ensemble dully and stimulated the pace when I detected the whale, played by the other 6 in the gathering, to develop strain. The whale at that point moved to us to show marry caught it and we encompassed it accelerating the song.First we strolled then animated our walk about the whale just as we w ere birds of prey orbiting our prey. We arrived at a zenith and in complicite we started to emulate the cutting up of the whale. We at that point solidified and, thusly, every angler turned and strolled to the front to hold up a bit of card with a whale item on it and showcased an advertisement.I picked face cream, specifically LOreal, so I could state on the grounds that your justified, despite all the trouble in an American pronunciation. The articulation appeared to go down well with every other person as it made them giggle. The whales at that point got up and became dissenters and constrained us over into a frightened load on the floor. I enjoyed this piece in light of the fact that the starting developments looked extremely powerful. I likewise loved the manner in which the whales became protestors and beaten the fishermen.DEVELOPMENT PHASE 2:We examined eliminate 1 and arranged any issues. We additionally included coordinated music. Pitiful music for death scenes, sonar for a nglers when theyre following the ocean for whales. We didnt have an excessive number of problems.DEVELOPMENT PHASE 3:We practiced the kabuki to music that helped keep musicality. We cleaned up the whale moving to the anglers and changed how Dani and I were to be gotten to make it increasingly agreeable and more effective.We likewise built up the grieving move so it made a last scene of Dani and I lying close to one another, to appear as though one and the dolphins around us with heads bowed. We performed it for assessment. It went truly well and the passing scene was quiet and had a tranquil climate. I preferred this piece.In the other piece we re-sorted out the completion of make it more arranged. Our melody was all the more together and we realized when to begin cutting the whale. We likewise included sonar for the anglers scanning for the whale.I, as post, recognized the whale and shouted out Thare she blows. This flagged us revolving around the whale. We likewise made dissent/ad pennants. We at that point performed it for assessment. This likewise worked out positively and I loved the developments at the beginning.EVALUTION:I truly delighted in the real contriving of my gatherings piece. I preferred the grieving scene in view of the tranquility and miserable climate in the performance.I likewise enjoyed different gatherings piece. Particularly the ad area on the grounds that Ive consistently needed to state in light of the fact that your justified, despite all the trouble in an American intonation. I thought the start with the developments looked truly good.I didnt like the finish of the subsequent piece however in light of the fact that it was somewhat exhausting. The first pieces finishing was sensational and you really realized it was the ending.I figure we could have chipped away at the kaleidoscope area in the first piece since it was confounding and somewhat chaotic. I figure we ought to have made up a real arranged succession with the goal that ever yone could have used to the developments and have the option to learn them as opposed to having to copy.I enjoyed my exhibition in the first piece better than in the second piece since it included me being a center point so I felt increasingly significant in the piece. I believed I accomplished more in the first piece (going about as the whale). In my brain, when I was playing the whale, I saw a smooth keen animal being mercilessly and brutally killed.I kept the activities as basic as conceivable in light of the fact that we needed to maintain the attention on the genuine murdering, as this was the significant thing. As I was the leader of the whale I kept my head up and slapped my arms on the floor in a cadence to speak to balances slapping the outside of the water.When the spear terminated and was intended to have hit the whale I started to somewhat flail uncontrollably and sped up the slaps on the water. I attempted to show how being harpoone

Essay Topics - How to Make Them Matter

Essay Topics - How to Make Them MatterEssay topics are essential when writing essays. It is only through a thorough research on the topic that one can come up with a good essay topic. Thus, it is very important to research extensively on the topic before one goes ahead and writes the essay.Essay topics help a student to know where he or she stands in the subject. Once a student knows where he or she stands in the subject, he or she can then decide whether to stick to it or to write a different essay. The essay topics also provide the essay writer with the information required for the essay to be successful.Essay topics are also useful for teachers and professors when they assign essays to students. This helps them to assess the level of comprehension of the students. It also helps the teachers to gauge whether their students are capable of analyzing a topic properly.There are many ways of coming up with an effective essay topic. There are many factors which determine the effectivenes s of the essay. The essay topic should be based on the topic and the body of the essay. If it is based on the topic, then it has to start with the topic itself.It should be noted that the body of the essay has the hardest and most difficult part. Hence, the student should not try to come up with the title of the essay before he or she has completed the body of the essay. It is always easier to have the topic as a template than trying to reinvent the wheel.The reason why the topic of the essay is the difficult part is because it requires the reader to find out the information about the topic. This calls for detailed research. While writing a paper, the student should concentrate on writing the body of the essay.It is also advisable to write the body of the essay before the research. This will allow him or her to gather the relevant information that is needed for the essay. While writing the body of the essay, it is advisable to write down what the author intends to say, avoid over-us ing exclamation marks.Essay topics are only important if the topic is good. Students may find it very easy to come up with good essay topics but it becomes very difficult to write good essay. Hence, the best way to overcome this difficulty is to write as much as possible before writing the essay. The student should then analyze the paper in the form of essay.

Techniques to Improve Recruiting and Interviewing...

Techniques to Improve Recruiting and Interviewing Practises by Managers Recruitment and selection have always been critical processes for organisations. In recent years, there has been growing evidence that the formation of positive psychological contract with employees provides the basis for a positive outcome in terms of organisational commitment and motivation. Recruitment and selection are vital stages in the formation of the expectations that form such a contract, on which, with an emphasis on a two way flow of communication, employees select an organisation and the work on offer as much as employers select employees. Thus employers need to see the attraction and retention of employees as part†¦show more content†¦Approaches to the recruitment and selection of employees forming the secondary internal market could be subject to less screening at the point of entry , attention being paid mainly to possession of the required skills. Such employees might be recruited and selected by cheaper methods but still perhaps, with a connection to or ganisational strategy via the specification of competencies. Giving the findings relating to studies of workers on fixed term contracts and the emphasis given by some workers to work-life balance, it would seem, however, that the crucial feature of a positive physiological contract is the use of progressive HR practices whatever the employment contract, and this will include attention to effective recruitment and selection practises. Once again, employers do not have a choice relating to the practises they adopt. Newell and Shackle ton (2000) refer to recruitment as the ‘process of attracting people who might make a contribution to the particular organization’. Within this statement, we can highlight two crucial issues. First, there is a need to attract people, this implying that people do have a choice about which organisations they wish to work for. 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The 12 Step Program Alcoholics Anonymous - 3302 Words

The 12 step program Alcoholics Anonymous (AA )was born in 1934. Prohibition had been repealed and a man named Bill Watson drunkenly found his way to Manhattan Hospital. Bill was known to knock back quite a bit of whiskey every day and couldn t seem to be able to quit. While he was at Manhattan Hospital he was given a new and considered experimental treatment for addiction of belladonna, which is a hallucinogen. Bill in his induced state yelled to God to help free him of alcohol. He reported seeing a bright light and feeling such serenity that Bill quit drinking alcohol. He went on to co-found Alcoholics Anonymous and based the principles off the evangelical Oxford Group which believed people were sinners, but with the help of God and confessing, a person could get on the proper path. AA was an answer to a huge void the medical world felt at the time in regard to people who drank heavily. Once alcoholism was named a disease in 1956 by the American Medical Association (AMA) AA grew and more hospitals sprung up wards for alcoholics for patients to detox with no other treatment offered. What someone in a ward for alcholhoics did receive was members showing up to support their fellow drinker and offering support and invitations to meetings. Thus began the road to calling alcoholism a disease and the first 12 step program AA. (14) I disagree with the notion that addiction to alcohol, drugs, sex, eating or other compulsive behaviors is a medical disease. GeneShow MoreRelatedThe 12 Step Program Alcoholics Anonymous3299 Words   |  14 Pages The 12 step program Alcoholics Anonymous (AA )was born in 1934. Prohibition had been repealed and a man named Bill Watson drunkenly found his way to Manhattan Hospital. Bill was known to knock back quite a bit of whiskey every day and couldn t seem to be able to quit. 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A study of its history, a description of the program, the success rates and commonly held harmful beliefs of AA, alternatives to AA, and finally an analysis using Rawlâ €™s Theory of Justice are all required in orderRead MoreAlcohol Abuse Is The Most Common Addictive Behavior1295 Words   |  6 PagesMany have tried to guest and speculate that alcohol abuse is due to many factors that include genetics, social, mental and emotional, and even how people around you raised you. Many also have speculated that people that we associates with that are alcoholics can be a factor also. It can be family and friends, schoolmates, and colleagues. Some also say that it can be due to emotional and psychological disorders such as depression, bipolar, or anxiety are factors of someone to drive to drinking to forget

The Integration of Interpersonal Psychotherapy and...

Introduction Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) is a short-term psychotherapy that was developed by Myrna Weissman and Gerald Klerman in the 1980’s. It focuses on the interpersonal relationships in the client’s life, instead of on past or biological causes. The therapy is kept fairly structured by the clinician’s use of a manual and aims to help the client recover from their current episode of depression. Interpersonal Psychotherapy has been used in conjunction with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in research studies, with promising results. Though initially developed for the use of depression, IPT has also been effective with other disorders, such as anxiety and eating disorders. Interpersonal Psychotherapy continues to be†¦show more content†¦In the 1990’s two new researchers, Safran and Segal, published a book on the integration of Interpersonal Psychotherapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Their book was the beginning of a wave of th eory integration in the psychology field. Safran and Segal’s integration of these two treatment modalities recognized both the importance of the client’s cognitions, and the importance of their relationships. The combination of these two factors as well as a stronger emphasis on client/therapist rapport has been proven to be the most effective treatment for many different disorders. Interpersonal Psychotherapy, as it is used today, is based off of a manual created by Weissman and Klerman in 2000. This manual, which can be purchased online, allows practitioners to use IPT both as a stand-alone therapy, and as a therapy integrated with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. The International Society for Interpersonal Psychotherapy (ISIPT) was also founded in 2000, which offers training and certification for clinicians. Research continues to be done on IPT’s effectiveness alone and combined with CBT, and its use continues to be expanded to more and more client populat ions. The Relationship to Classic Cognitive Therapy Interpersonal Psychotherapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy were both born in the 1980’s. They developed in different directions, with CBT focusing on cognition, and IPT on interpersonal relationships (Weissman, Markowitz, Klerman, 2000). ThoughShow MoreRelatedInterpersonal Psychology : Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1560 Words   |  7 PagesInterpersonal Psychotherapy Intervention Overview Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) was developed in the 1970 s by Gerald Klerman, Myrna Weissman, and Eugene Paykel. Initially, IPT was the control treatment while investigating the effectiveness of antidepressants and found the treatment comparably effective to medications and as credible as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (Robertson, Rushton, Wurm, 2008). 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However, from the point of view of emphasizing the interpersonal elements connected with hypnosis it may be visualized as encompassing varied terms and tools that embody common denominator of accepting the fact that people normally have more capabilities than they consciouslyRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy ( Cbt ), Group Therapy, Psychotherapy And Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction3165 Words   |  13 Pagescourse of the familial issues. While remaining focused on family matters, I will introduce five of these interventions including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), group therapy, client centered therapy, psychotherapy and mindfulness based stress reduction. By placing a significant amount of importance on problems occurring in the present, this type of psychotherapy is appealing to patients with a desire to learn their way to better mental health. CBT has been shown to help with many different

Continuing music free essay sample

â€Å"Sing louder. You have such a beautiful voice.† I turned around and saw who whispered this to me. It was my second grade teacher, Mrs. Sunderland. We were rehearsing for the big second grade chorus concert. Tension was running high and Mr. Cordell, the music teacher was losing patience with us. We sang every measure of every song until they became a part of us, not unlike a hard drive to a computer. Out of one hundred students, I was one of the lucky ones chosen to sing in a quartet during the concert. The audition process was simple: sing a song from a Disney movie. I sang â€Å"A Whole New World† from Disney’s Aladdin. I stood in front of the class, sweaty palms and all, and sang. My voice was shaky with nerves. I closed my eyes and pretended that I was on a magic carpet ride with Jasmine and Aladdin. We will write a custom essay sample on Continuing music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When I opened my eyes, Mrs. Sunderland smiled at me and told me, â€Å"Congratulations.† On the night of the show we were required to wear black and white to look professional, for eight year olds, that is. Mr. Cordell was running around making sure that everything, absolutely everything, was perfect for the show. I remember standing on the risers anticipating the curtain to open. I could hear everybody piling into their seats, excited mutters escaping their mouths. I wished for them to hurry and get into their seats. I was so excited for the show to start. Standing there on the risers felt like an eternity, but then the house lights went out, the stage lights turned on, and the curtain finally opened. From the moment the piano played its first note, I knew exactly what I wanted to do with my life. I wanted my life to be completely focused around music. I wanted to live it, breathe it, and most importantly, feel it. The music notes were circling around me that night. I sang that night away. Mrs. Sunderland’s words encompassed me and I sang louder than I had ever sung before. Today I’m in the high school choir. There are moments when the choir sings a song so perfectly that the words don’t even matter. What matters is the emotion. We become the music through our hopes and our fears. Our music attracts people like an ice cream truck to children. Every chorus concert is like a celebration. Music is the key to a sorrow filled heart, but music also continues the hopes of a joyful soul. Someday I hope to spread my love of music by becoming a music producer.

Negotiation Integrative Negotiation free essay sample

As much as you have to figure the person’s personality your own attitude toward him, you also need to consider the negotiation basics, strategies, process. You should know them all by heart you have to be aware of that particular circumstance. It means, you need to comprehend the situation utilize the right strategies. Now, after we talk about negotiation, we are going to move forward to the concept of effective negotiation. Effective negotiation will happen when the outcome is winning for all including separating the people from the problem, focusing on mutual interest, inventing options for mutual gain, and using objective criteria.In order to have much more comprehensive perception toward this term, we are about to define some important terms: 1. Mythical Fixed Pie mind-set: There are two various situations, Win-lose situation win-win situation. On win-lose, as the name stands, one party will win while the other will not while in win-win situation both parties will gain benefits. We will write a custom essay sample on Negotiation Integrative Negotiation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The mythical fixed pie mindset is a situation in which one party will paralyze its host into a rigid mindset, blurring the host’s vision into a fixed stare where the other party can see nothing more than what sits on the negotiation table.It is one of the most destructive assumptions we can bring to negotiations since it is based on the fact that the pie of resources is fixed. The mythical fixed pie mindset leads us to interpret most competitive situations as purely win-lose, for those who recognize opportunities to grow the pie of value through mutually beneficial tradeoffs between issues, situations can become win-win. Many agreements fail to materialize because of this limited vision. 2. Distributive Negotiation:The term â€Å"distributive negotiation† can refer to a deal in, which we are negotiating over a single issue, price, and in conflict over how much the person would pay and how much he would get . In other words, a distributive negotiation type or process th at normally entails a single issue to be negotiated. In distributive negotiations, parties assume a fixed pie of resources negotiate about how to cut up the pie (distribute resources) or claim value. As an instance, I can illustrate an example in Iran‘s market.If you want to buy a good in Tehran, say a pair of jeans, as you are walking through the shopping mall, you have to consider the element of bargaining. While you are deciding on the style color, you have to make up your negotiation plan as well too. The strategy is that as you hear the offer, $40, you should make an offer about $20 try to stick to it. The seller will suggest $35 while you say $25 . Finally; you can purchase it at $30. 3. Integrative Negotiation Integrative negotiation concerns how the negotiators expand the pie of resources or create value in negotiations.They typically do so by identifying more than one single issue, so that issues can be traded off. There are many opportunities for integrative negotiations throughout global negotiations if negotiators are motivated enough and the strategy to transform single issues into multiple issues and make trade-offs. As an instance, back home in Iran, my mother needed to make a dress for my cousin’s wedding ceremony two years ago. We visited various shops with the hopes of finding the suitable material. After we spent huge amount of time on window-shopping, we finally found a store that had the proper cloth. We needed 3 meters of that special cloth to make the right size. The shopkeeper refused to sell us all 3 meters left holding the reason that he will not have any sample left. As we were caught up in a predicament, we made an integrative negotiation. He agreed to sell us all 3 meters if we bring him back some leftover from the tailor, which can be used as a sample in his shop. The result was that we had the dress he had the sample. 4. The impact of framing on Negotiation: In order to investigate the effects of framing on negotiation, it is better to provide a brief definition of framing at the beginning. The use of framing dates back to the time of Aristotle when he used framing very effectively to portray murdering villains. Framing means to process and organize information, which provides a perspective of the problems or issues for a decision maker. It is normally used to understand the importance of facts or issues in relation to each other to determine possible outcomes and consider contingency actions to solve a problem. We often use framing when we develop a rationale why we should do something or acquire a certain product or service. There are some positive points that framing will bring to a negotiation: 1.A frame offers perspective by managing the alignment of the observer in relation to an issue. 2. A frame directs the observer to focus on a feature of an issue within the frame and to disregard other features of the same issue, which fall outside this frame. 3. A frame influences subsequent judgment in that it organizes and tailors information to fit into it. It therefore not only contains, but also constrains. Overall, using a framework can allow you to consider all potential gains and losses and available options for any situation. 5. BATNA: This negation term BATNA is an acronym, which stands for Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement. Fisher and Ury coined this term it was recognized as one of the main sources in negotiation. It is basically what you are going to do if you do not reach an agreement. Your BATNA is your best option outside the current negotiation. Imagine that you are negotiating a deal; your BATNA is an alternative buyer or seller. Your BATNA is your source of power because the better your BATNA, the more you can demand from the other party in the negotiation. They are critical to negotiation because you cannot make a wise decision about whether to accept a negotiated agreement unless you know what your alternatives are.The BATNA is the only standard that can protect you both from accepting terms that are too unfavorable and from rejecting terms, it would be in your interest to accept. In the simplest terms, if the proposed agreement is better than your BATNA, then you should accept it. If the agreement is not better than your BATNA, then you should reopen negotiations. If you are not able to improve the agreement, then you should at least consider withdrawing from the negotiations and pursuing your alternative considering the costs as well. It is of crucial importance to improve your BATNA whenever it is possible.Good negotiators know when their opponent is desperate for an agreement. When that takes place, they will demand much more, knowing their opponent will have to give in. If the opponent apparently has many options outside of negotiation, however, they are likely to get many more concessions, in an effort to keep them at the negotiating table. The last but not the least to mention would be the fact that if you make your BATNA as strong as possible before negotiating, you will definitely strengthen your negotiation. 6. ZOPA ZOPA is an acronym, which refers to Zone of Possible Agreement.It is the range or area in which an agreement is satisfactory to both parties involved in the negotiation process. Another term is Contracting Zone†. ZOPA is essentially the range between each parties real base or bottom lines, and is the overlap area in the low and high range that each party is willing to pay or find acceptable in a negotiation. . The process in finding this zone requires a little bit of detective work in order to make it work. It begins with a proposal by a person, commercial entity, or organization known as a Proponent.Essentially, this person puts an offer on the table. The receiving end of a proposal is known as a Prospect. This is the person or entity who considers the merits of the offer or proposal. The prospect will accept the proposal, make a counter proposal, offer, or outright reject it. This is where the game begins to get seriously fun. The proponent is trying to sell us something. This can be a product, a business idea, services, an organizational concept, or a combination of these things. The proponent is more commonly called the seller.The prospect, on the other hand, is  more commonly called the buyer. The seller wants to get the maximum amount possible for their proposal, but generally may also set a limit for the least amount they will accept. The least amount they are willing to accept is known as the sellers Reservation Price. This is the amount where they draw the line;  also know as the walk away from the deal point. The buyer, on the other hand, wants to pay the least amount possible, but may consider a higher amount that they  might be prepared to pay as well.The maximum amount they are prepared to pay is also known as the buyers Reservation Price or walk away from the deal point. The differences between these respective lows and highs of both the seller and buyer are their range of expectations. When you have a common ground or overlap between these two different ranges, this is known as ZOPA or the Zone of Possible Agreement. The ideal piece of information would be  the other partys reservation price. It is believed, that you should never reveal your own reservation price. The real trick is trying to find that sweet range of ZOPA. . Bargaining Range: Before I get to this concept, I will provide you with a brief review of bargaining. The term â€Å"bargaining† can be defined as a means of reaching agreement or settlement through give and take, often synonymous with negotiation. It normally refers to business contexts, usually involving money, and negotiation refers to all other contexts.

Malcolm X vs. Skins essays

Malcolm X vs. Skins essays Though the films Malcolm X and Skins are produced by different people at different times, they have some similarities. Although neither film is a documentary both films show great detail no matter what type of stereotype both films would get by viewers. Documentaries serve their purpose, but they can often set the tone as these are people studied from an outside perspective rather than this would be ones family if one lived there. To really communicate across cultures both kinds of films are needed, and that is why these two are great films. The character traits, religion differences, and overall lifestyles are in some ways similar throughout the films. It is debated by reviewers rather Director Spike Lee altered some of Malcolm Xs history to make a more entertaining movie. Others feel that the civil rights leader was the embodiment of evil and was undeserving of this filmed tribute. Nevertheless, no film is perfect and no docudrama is historically accurate, but Malcolm X is totally engrossing from start to finish. The imagery helps bring the conflict, drive and sincerity of Malcolm X to life. In the movie, it becomes so obvious that Malcolm had just reached a kind of Buddhist nirvana in his Islamic faith. Had he been allowed to live, his newly found spiritual insight gained from his pilgrimage to Mecca most likely would have helped to enlighten other Americans, Muslim or Christian, white or black. Malcolm appears on the verge of something even greater than he had previously been. Malcolm appears to be on the verge of becoming a national and perhaps even global spiritual and secular leader at the time of his death. Skins could almost be called a documentary, but it would not have been better treated as one. Through the film, the truth of life in Pine Ridge is revealed in a way that enables it to be shown in a feature film to the mass public, to those who woul ...

Marketing in Luxury Cars Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing in Luxury Cars - Case Study Example The ad has a creative bent helped by the tag "Engineered Mischief" which shows the car driving along and in the process casting a shadow shaped like a pitchfork. The advertising copy reads: "Born with a silver pitchfork in its mouth." In terms of consumer behavior, the focus of the Porsche Cayman print ad is targeted on persons who have a heavy substance and style. The Porsche Cayman cars are known for quality and performance advantage over most American-made cars. This constant superior car performance of the Porsche Cayman puts a high premium on these brands of cars. The Porsche Cayman wants to reinforce their sophisticated, high-class image by advertising and promotion that is highly focused on persons with status and privilege. In terms of over-all strategy, the marketing of this car is directed to the wealthy businessmen and executives as shown by the ad copy. The ad is directed to both the young and mature businessmen and executives as shown by the visual image of the devil's pitchfork which connotes great excitement, fun, breaking the barriers and adventure for the targeted market. The distribution of the car is handled by well-trained dealers. The print ads that the being introduced, each focusing on one of the pillars of the campaign. The print ads appear in magazines, including Time, Newsweek, Fortune, Real Simple, and Architectural Digest. The ad cites the economic impact: it focuses on Toyota's new plant in San Antonio, Texas, which directly employs 2,000 people and adds thousands of other new jobs to the area. The headline reads: "Can a pickup give 2,000 people a lift Why not" The ad cites a strong environmental commitment: it presents Toyota's aspirations for zero emission vehicles and zero waste in its plants. The headline reads: "Can you have an impact by making none at all Why not" The ad stresses social responsibility: it highlights Toyota's Driving Expectations Program, which teaches valuable defensive driving skills to teens and their parents. The headline reads: "Can the most important safety feature in a car be a teen driver Why not The ad campaign has a "vision" The text of the ad reads: WHY NOT Two words that are filled with possibilities. They can turn a challenge into an opportunity. An obstacle into an inspiration. It's a question we ask ourselves at Toyota every day. Because we're continuously looking for new ways to improve what we do. By asking tough questions. Can we make a car that has zero emissions Can we improve the economy of a community Can we enrich the lives of people around us Why not Toyota Lexus focused on market research to determine why a particular consumer segment loses interest in one vehicle while maintaining interest in another. Toyota Lexus acts to unplug that bottleneck by presenting a special options package to car buyers at an early stage of consideration or by staging invitation-only test-drives for new models. Brands that become familiar to people early in their lives are more likely to be purchased by them when they first buy cars.Toyota Lexus targets high-potential segments. It uses market segmentation for the Lexus branding effort. Japanese carmakers are leaders of targeting. The Lexus team started with the styles, needs, and values--identified through consumer research--that motivated

Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Power - Essay Example These three C's in many ways mirror the three branches of government within the United States: the executive, legislative and judicial branches. Therefore, one may describe the balance of power with the following phrase: "The commission proposes, the Council decides, the Court interprets." However, some differences remain, and perhaps the internal structure of the European Community may best be understood as a combination of "different conceptions of democracy" (Craig, 1997, 105). The EU is not a state, but a combination of states and therefore it derives its authority from its members. "Under the present organization of the EU, its balance of powers does not correspond to the classic principle of the separation of powers. The interplay of checks and balances does not give a necessarily weaker result, but it is different" (Pris, 2000, 4). Because of this distinct separation of powers that isn't "really" a separation of powers; it is difficult to determine who the head of the EU is or how, if the bodies were to disagree, such a disagreement would be handled if not by the Court. The Council or the Commission could emerge at the dominant body depending upon political circumstances. Each entity has its own strengths and weakness. "Secondly, EC law is not stable. It is dynamic. The boundaries of the EC's powers move with the adoption of decisions, regulations, directives and the conclusion of international agreements" (Pris, 2000, 4). The Commission members are appointed by their respective governments. Seats are not elected. Therefore, the risk is that the Commission might become too powerful and lack sufficient checks upon who may rise to enjoy such authority. The primary power of the Commission is its soft power; it has a tremendous ability to advise and lead interest groups in a manner that is consistent with the strategies and goals outlined by the European Union. Rather than create a top-down regulatory strategy, it employs consensus building and negotiations as tools of intervention in competition issues. When needed, the Commission may choose to issue a public outcry against a faulty competitive practice. However, such an instance is rare and can be explained by the strongest competitive disadvantages, such as that imposed by a monopoly or too much state intervention into economic affairs. These issues concern the Commission because its main goal is to ensure a fair trade and competitive platform for transnational industries. The main purpose of the Union is to enable economic development and such actions are contrary to free market liberalization principles. While not the 'neoliberalism' that has at times been advocated by countries like the United States and criticized by others who saw the destruction created by strict adherence to the "Washington Consensus" advocated by aid lender institutions like the IMF, the European Union's Commission does take the opportunity to stop monopolistic and anti-competitive practices.In this way, the European Union may offer a middle strategy that is neither Washington based neoliberalism or strong, state driven economic practices followed by Commun ist China or other Asian nations. Europe's socialist democratic mix has worked thus far to tailor the economic environment to fit economic necessity. This can be seen in the dramatic economic success stories of nations like Portugal, who has been cited as an example of EU economic success. The Commission's role in EU

Top 5 Environmental Issues Essay Example for Free

Top 5 Environmental Issues Essay 1. Population Explosion Whether we like to admit it or not, our very own rapidly multiplying presence on this planet is the biggest environmental problem there is, and it’s getting bigger by the minute. We voraciously consume resources, pollute the air and water, tear down natural habitats, introduce species into areas where they don’t belong and destroy ecosystems to the point of causing millions of species to become endangered and, all too often, go extinct. It took nearly all of human history – from the first days of man on earth until the early 1800’s – to reach a global population of 1 billion. In just 200 years, we’ve managed to reach 6.5 billion. That means the population has grown more since 1950 than in the previous four million years. We’re adding roughly 74 million people to the planet every year, a scary figure that will probably continue to increase. All of those mouths will need to be fed. All of those bodies will need clean water and a place to sleep. All of the new communities created to house those people will continue to encroach upon the natural world. 2. CO2 Levels in the Atmosphere Greenhouse gas emissions caused by our modern way of life – vehicles, power plants, factories, giant livestock farms – will bring devastating climate change within decades if they stay at today’s levels. Average temperatures could increase by as much as 12 degrees Fahrenheit by the end of the century if emissions continue to rise, a figure that would easily make the world virtually uninhabitable for humans. A global temperature rise of just 7.2 degrees Fahrenheit would cause a catastrophic domino effect, bringing weather extremes that would result in food and water shortages and destructive floods. The most recent report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change represents â€Å"the final nail in the coffin† of climate change denial, representing the most authoritative picture to date that global warming is caused by human activity. According to the panel, we must make a swift and significant switch to clean, efficient and renewable energy technolog ies in order to prevent the worst-case scenario. 3. Polar Sea Ice Loss Polar sea ice is melting at an unprecedented rate, and it’s not showing any signs of slowing down. It’s perhaps the most dramatic, startling visual evidence of global warming, and it’s got scientists rushing to figure out just how big of an effect the melting is going to have on the rest of the world. British researchers said that the thickness of sea ice in the Arctic decreased dramatically last winter for the first time since records began in the early 1990s. The research showed a significant loss in thickness on the northern ice cap after the record loss of ice during the summer of 2007. Scientific American warns that â€Å"human fingerprints have been detected† on both the Arctic and Antarctic regions. Antarctica had previously appeared to be the only continent on the planet where humanity’s impact on climate change hadn’t been observed. The collapse of the Larsen B and Wilkins ice shelves in the Antarctic Peninsula shows just how fast th e region is warming. 4. Destruction of the Rain Forest ‘Saving the rain forest’ has been at the forefront of the environmental movement for decades, yet here we are facing huge losses in the Amazon all the same. You might have thought that, with all the attention the rain forest has gotten, it wouldn’t need so much saving anymore – but unfortunately, global warming and deforestation mean that half of the Amazon rain forest will likely be destroyed or severely damaged by 2030. The World Wildlife Fund concluded this summer that agriculture, drought, fire, logging and livestock ranching will cause major damage to 55 percent of the Amazon rain forest in the next 22 years. Another 4 percent will see damage due to reduced rainfall, courtesy of global warming. These factors will destroy up to 80 percent of the rain forest’s wildlife. Losing 60 percent of the rain forest would accelerate global warming and affect rainfall in places as far away as India. Massive destruction to the rain forest would have a domino effect on the rest of the world. The WWF says that the ‘point of no return’, from which recovery will be impossible, is only 15 to 25 years away. 5. Mammal Extinction One in four mammals is threatened with extinction. That’s 25%, a huge number that will totally change the ecology of every corner of the earth. We could see thousands of species die out in our lifetime, and the rate of habitat loss and hunting in crucial areas like Southeast Asia, Central Africa and Central and South America is growing so rapidly, these animals barely have a chance. If you think the extinction of an animal like the beautiful Iberian Lynx is no big deal, and wouldn’t have that much of an effect on the planet, think again. Not only would we be losing – mostly due to our own disregard for our surroundings – so much of the awe-inspiring diversity of nature, mass extinctions like this would cause a serious imbalance in the world’s food chain. When a predator disappears, the prey will multiply. When prey dies out, the predator will see its ranks decrease as well. Many people fail to realize just how interconnected all species on this plan et really are.

What the Cinderella Story Has to Teach Young Girls Essay -- Literature

At first glance, what makes a fairy tale a fairy tale may seem obvious—some kind of magic, hidden symbols, repetition, and of course it’s evident it’s fiction—but fables are more than that. As Arthur Schelesinger puts it, it’s about â€Å"[expanding] imagination† and gaining understanding of mysterious places (618). While doing this, it also helps children to escape this world, yet teach a lesson that the reader may not be conscious of. A wonderful story that achieves all of this is Cinderella, but not the traditional tale many American’s have heard. Oochigeaskw, or The Rough-Faced Girl, and Ashputtle would be fitting for a seven-year-old because they get the gears of the mind turning, allowing for an escape on the surface, with an underlying enlightenment for children of the ways of the world. The Rough Faced Girl is the Native American variation of Cinderella. It was originally told in the language of the Algonquin, who resided in the Eastern Woodlands of the United States and greatly differs from all the other stories of Cinderella. This tale’s focus is of an invisible man who will marry the woman who can see him. His sister, who has the ability to view him, cares for him and brings different woman to the wigwam to test their sight of the â€Å"Invisible One† (639). Many woman tried as they might, are unable to see him except one, Oochigeaskw. This woman is the youngest of three siblings, and is treated the poorest—scars covered her body from where her sisters burned her (640). I prefer this story to the rest because there isn’t the use of magic†¦or magic for the woman’s own benefit. Instead, once the sister proves The Rough-Faced Girl can see her brother, she bathes her and all her scars disappear. My interpretation of this is tha t Ooch... ...on. Works Cited Behrens and Rosen. Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum 11 ed. Longman, 2011. Print. Bettelheim, Bruno. â€Å"’Cinderella’: A Story of Sibling Rivalry and Oedipal Conflicts†. Behrens and Rosen 651-657. Cullen, Bonnie. â€Å"The Rise of Perrault’s ‘Cinerella’†. Behren and Rosen 645-650. Grimm, Jakob and Wilhelm. â€Å"Ashputtle.† Behrens and Rosen 628-633. â€Å"Oochigeaskw – The Rough-Faced Girl (A Native American ‘Cinderella’). Behrens and Rosen 639-640. Orenstein, Peggy. â€Å"Cinderella and Princess Culture†. Behren and Rosen 670-673. Panttaja, Elisabeth. â€Å"Cinderella: Not so Morally Superior†. Behrens and Rosen 658-661. Poniewozik, James. â€Å"The Princess Paradox†. Behrens and Rosen 666-669. Schlesinger, Arthur Jr. â€Å"What Great Books do for Children†. Behrens and Rosen 617-618. Thompson, Smith. â€Å"Universality of the Folktale†. Behrens and Rosen 619-622.

Global Warming Paper Essay

Global temperatures on the Earth’s surface have increased by 1.1 degrees Fahrenheit during the last century, faster than any time in the last 1000 years (Rauber 41). Consequently, the 1990s was the warmest decade in the last 1000 years (â€Å"Global Warming†). As humans emit fossil fuels, greenhouse gasses slowly warm the Earth’s atmosphere (â€Å"EPA Global†). This gradual process is known as global warming. As glaciers begin to melt, sea levels rise and coastal areas in Florida may suffer immense losses (â€Å"Beach Erosion†). Florida’s tourist economy may also suffer a tremendous loss, as well as agriculture (â€Å"Florida Scientists†). With a warmer atmosphere, disease will spread quicker and human health will be threatened throughout the state (â€Å"Global Warming†). Serious action needs to be taken in order to slow the process of global warming. Global Warming is an increase in the temperature of the Earth due to the use of fossil fuels and industrial processes that build up to the emission of greenhouse gasses, mostly carbon dioxide and methane (â€Å"Global Warming Threatens†). As energy from the sun strikes the surface of the earth, it turns into heat which, in turn, releases the heat as long-wave infrared radiation (Crowe). Gasses in the air, such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and water vapor, trap some of this radiation as it tries to make its way back out to space (Olgesby). These gases trap in heat as do the windows of a greenhouse; therefore, they are called greenhouse gases (Elston). As an excess amount of these gasses are emitted into the Earth’s atmosphere by industries and fossil fuels, the temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere gradually increases (Oglesby). Humans escalate the amount of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels and by many manufacturing processes (Crowe). In the U.S., from 1990-1997, carbon dioxide emissions have increased 10.7 percent (Elston). This activity and a warming atmosphere are causing drastic changes around the earth, especially in Florida. Global warming poses a threat to Florida’s beaches and freshwater supplies due to a rise in sea level (â€Å"Southeast†). Warming the atmosphere will raise sea levels by expanding ocean water, melting mountain glaciers, and melting parts of the Greenland Ice Sheet (â€Å"Beach Erosion†). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimates that the local sea levels may rise 8 to 30 inches by the year 2100 (â€Å"Global Warming Threatens†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). The horizontal advance can be 150 to 200 times greater than the sea level rise, and even greater in areas with a moderate sloping shoreline (Alvarez et al). Consequently, saltwater will be forced to move landward, which shifts the border between saltwater and freshwater inland and causes the encroachment of saltwater into groundwater aquifers (â€Å"Southeast†). Over the longer-term, a three-foot sea level rise could be disastrous for aquifers in Ft. Lauderdale, Miami and Homestead areas, which are locat ed on the low coastal ridge (Alvarez et al). In addition, rising sea levels put at risk the stateÐ ¢s number one status as a retirement and tourist destination (â€Å"Global Warming Threatens†). Hotels, homes, and property within 200 to 250 feet of the current shoreline may be flooded (â€Å"Florida Scientists†). This, in turn, will alter the $51 billion annual revenue from Florida’s tourist economy (â€Å"Florida Scientists†). According to the stateÐ ¢s tourist development agency, 71 million people visited Florida in 2000 (Alvarez et al). Miami Beach alone generates $2 billion a year in tourism revenues, and the Florida Keys generates $1.8 billion annually (Alvarez et al). The state’s economy will suffer significantly as higher seas flood all property on these beaches (â€Å"Global Warming Threatens†). Many of Florida’s cities by the sea, including Miami Beach, Daytona Beach, Palm Beach, Clearwater, Key West, Tampa, St. Petersburg, Pensacola, and Marco Island, will face great hardships due to a rise in sea level (Alvarez et al). A warming atmosphere will also lead to changes in Florida’s agriculture which is highly sensitive to changes in weather and climate (â€Å"Southeast†). The production of citrus, sugarcane, and tomatoes adds billions of dollars to Florida’s economy (â€Å"Florida Scientists†). Global warming’s effects on agriculture will vary by location and on the specific crop (Alvarez et al). Warming temperatures and carbon dioxide fertilization will increase citrus production by about 6 to 20 percent in Florida over the next 40 to 50 years (Alvarez et al). Although citrus will benefit in the short-term, its productivity in the long-run will suffer (Alvarez et al). Citrus yields will begin to decrease once temperatures have gone past the nominal growing range and soil moisture has been reduced from the heat (Alvarez et al). Sugarcane is a $437 million industry in Florida and is mostly located in Palm Beach County (â€Å"Southeast†). Global warming may sever ely impact the production and sales of sugarcane (â€Å"Southeast†). If sea levels rise 18 to 20 inches, flooding will intensify and decrease sugarcane yields due to nutrient pollution problems (Alvarez et al). This will decrease sugarcane growth by about 20 percent (â€Å"Southeast†). Florida is also the nation’s leader in tomato production (Alvarez et al). However, a warming atmosphere could decrease the state’s tomato production by about 44 percent as a result of shortened growth cycles (Alvarez et al). Global warming will definitely lead to changes in how and where Florida farmers grow crops (â€Å"Southeast†). With some crops these changes may be beneficial and with others it may be detrimental. Global warming poses several potential health threats to the population of Florida. The first potential health threat is that of bad air quality (Elston). Higher temperatures increase the rate of smog formation, and increased use of fossil fuels could increase a range of air pollutants (â€Å"Global Warming†). A major component of smog, ground-level ozone, is formed from nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (Epstein 51). As the atmosphere warms, this reaction speeds up and produces more smog (Epstein 51). Chronic respiratory diseases and obstructive pulmonary disease can be made much worse by breathing ozone (Elston). Carbon monoxide, sulfur oxide, and nitrogen oxides worsen existing cardiovascular diseases and may produce lung irritation and reduced lung function (Alvarez et al). Seniors, constituting 18 percent of Florida’s population, the young, and those with existing cardiovascular diseases are predominantly at risk (â€Å"Florida Scientists†). Many of the germs that cause waterborne diseases, such as viruses, bacteria, and protozoa, survive longer in warmer water (Epstein 55). Serious diseases like hepatitis, cholera, and yellow fever will more easily be transmitted as the lack of clean water and waterborne diseases spread (Elston). The lack of clean water in a drought causes bad hygiene and unsafe rehydration for people who have lost a lot of water from diarrhea or fever (Alvarez et al). Droughts, caused by global warming, favor waterborne diseases, wipe out supplies of safe drinking water, and, thus, concentrate containments (Epstein 55). In addition, vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, encephalitis, and dengue fever, will be more common as a result of a warming atmosphere (â€Å"Southeast†). Vector-borne diseases are spread by mosquitoes, rodents, ticks, and other insects and animals (â€Å"Global Warming†). Rising temperatures will expand the range of many vectors and can play a role in the transmission of the disease itself (Alvarez et al). This is due to the fact that a warmer atmosphere will provide more area in which the mosquito and many other vectors can survive (Epstein 50). Today, 45 percent of the world’s population live where they might get bitten by a mosquito carrying malaria (â€Å"EPA Global†). However, that percentage may increase to 60 percent if temperatures rise (â€Å"EPA Global†). The total number of deaths related to heat waves is estimated to double by 2020 (Epstein 50). Florida’s population, especially the senior population, is a great risk due to the health risks of global warming (Elston). Florida is faced with serious challenges as a result of global warming. These challenges threaten the stateÐ ¢s natural areas, economic prosperity, agriculture, and human health. The state can avoid such harm by taking action before it is too late. Some solutions include driving efficiently, taking public transit, walking, or using a bicycle (Rauber 41), limiting the burning of fossil fuels for energy (Epstein 57), using compact fluorescent light bulbs, because each can prevent 400 pounds of coal from being burned to make electricity, buying a car which meets one’s needs, yet is very efficient (Rauber 41), and, finally, plant a tree or protect a forest (â€Å"Global Warming†). Trees absorb carbon dioxide and can offset some greenhouse gasses (Olgesby). Serious action needs to be taken now to avoid such devastating harm.

How to Build Writing Skills in Students With Dyslexia

When you think of the word dyslexia reading problems immediately come to mind but many students with dyslexia struggle with writing as well. Dysgraphia, or written expression disorder, impacts handwriting, the spacing of letters and sentences, omitting letters in words, the lack of punctuation and grammar when writing and difficulty organizing thoughts on paper. The following resources should help you better understand dysgraphia and work with students to improve writing skills. Understanding Dyslexia and Dysgraphia Dyslexia and dysgraphia are both neurological based learning disabilities but both have specific symptoms. Its important to learn the symptoms, types of dysgraphia, and treatment options. Dyslexia impacts writing skills in many ways. Students with dyslexia show a significant difference between what they can tell you verbally and what they are able to convey on paper. They may have trouble with spelling, grammar, punctuation, and sequencing. Some may have dysgraphia as well as dyslexia. Knowing how this learning disability affects writing can help you develop specific strategies for working to improve writing skills. Teaching Students With Dyslexia and Dysgraphia Once understood, you can make some accommodations in the classroom to help improve writing and learning in students with written expression disorder. For example, experimenting with different kinds of pens can help you find what is most comfortable for your student, and improve legibility. Written assignments completed by students with dyslexia are often filled with spelling and grammar errors, and the handwriting is sometimes illegible, causing a teacher to think the student is lazy or unmotivated. A plan of action provides a step-by-step approach for organizing thoughts and information to help make the writing process easier. when teaching writing skills to students with dyslexia. Ideas for Lesson Plans Arm yourself with specific strategies to incorporate into your daily teaching that will help you work with students with dyslexia and dysgraphia improve their writing skills. One suggestion is to put away the red pen when grading papers and use a more neutral color to avoid the student becoming discouraged when seeing all the red marks when you return an assignment. Building Sequencing Skills: From the time we are very young, we learn to complete tasks in a specific way, such as tying shoes or using long division. If we do the task out of order, the end result is often wrong or doesnt make any sense. Sequencing skills are used in writing as well, making our written information make sense to the reader. This is often an area of weakness for children with dyslexia. Students with dyslexia can frequently see the big picture but have trouble understanding the steps it takes to get there. Plan a lesson requiring students to take parts of an event or story and put them in the correct, chronological order.Journal Writing: Helps students in middle school practice writing skills by keeping a daily journal. Writing prompts are given each morning or as a homework assignment and students write a few paragraphs. Varying the writing prompts helps students practice different types of writing, for example, one prompt might require descriptive writing and one mig ht require persuasive writing. Once a week or every other week, students choose a journal entry to edit and revise.Create a Classroom Book: This lesson can be used from 1st through 8th grade and gives you the opportunity to teach social lessons as well as writing lessons. As you complete classroom books, put them in your classroom library for students to read again and again, helping them learn about and become more tolerant of one anothers differences.Writing Newspaper Articles: This project not only works on informative writing skills, but it fosters cooperation by teaching students to work together to create a classroom newspaper.Outline Writing Prompt: Teachers often give students writing prompts to help generate writing ideas, however, students with dyslexia may need additional assistance in organizing information. Provide a step-by-step guide that goes through the process of putting together an outline that organizes information.